Entity:

Concise hierarchy

Current position

Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 6; CoL(17 Aug 2023); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.

Alternative positions

*Acrosomata* ([unranked]) Ax, 1996	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172. [inferred rank]
*Coelenterata* (Infrakingdom) Leuckart, 1847	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 235.
*Coelenterata* ([unranked])	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 111.
*Eumetazoa* (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: G.R. Harbison & L.P. Madin, 1982: 707.
*Metazoa* (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
*Metazoa* (Kingdom) Haeckel, 1874
*Metazoa* ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a. [out of scope (coherent)]
*N.N.* (Subkingdom)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 35).
*Protornaeozoa* ([unranked])	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
*Radiata* ([unranked]) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 224-227.
*Radiata* (Kingdom) (C. Linnaeus, 1758)	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
*Radiata* (Division) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 320.
*Radiata* (Superphylum)	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 122. [indirect]
*Radiata* ([unranked])	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48.
*Triploblastica* ([unranked])	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: fig. 8.15.

Historical positions

*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 131).
*Metazoa* ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]
*N.N.* (Subkingdom)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 35).
*Metazoa* ([unranked]) Haeckel 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 6.
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 9.
*Coelenterata* ([unranked])	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 111.
*Triploblastica* ([unranked])	Ref: E.E. Ruppert et al., 2004: 181-195, fig. 8.15.
*fossil marine animal genera* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 69.
*Acrosomata* ([unranked]) Ax, 1996	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 201.
*Triploblastica* ([unranked])	Ref: C. Nielsen, 2001: 72-80, figs. 1.2, 9.1.
*organisms* ([unranked])	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 122.
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1998
*Radiata* ([unranked]) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 224-227.
*Coelenterata* (Infrakingdom) Leuckart, 1847	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 4 (p. 235).
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
*Protornaeozoa* ([unranked])	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 263-277; 4.
*Radiata* ([unranked])	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 48. [alternative position]
*Animalia* (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
*Radiata* (Kingdom) (C. Linnaeus, 1758)	Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
*Metazoa* (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
*Eumetazoa* (Subkingdom) Butschli, 1910	Ref: G.R. Harbison & L.P. Madin, 1982: 707.
*Radiata* ([unranked]) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 160, 174-177.
*Radiata* (Division) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 320.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	2c;9o;27f;53g;185s;4ss;8v; †3f;6g;6s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[2c;9o;27f;53g;185s;4ss;8v; †3f;6g;6s]
2020	T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 131)	123ng;72[-83]g; †16.7%g
2013	Z.-Q. Zhang: 6	187s; †0s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	242s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	242s
1998-present	C.E. Mills: 6 Aug 2008	[2c;9o;27f;53g;186s;4ss;8v; †3f;6g;5s]
1997	TAMU	38g101s; †3g
1995	C. Nielsen	~80s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	7o;19f;>100s
1982	G.R. Harbison & L.P. Madin	7o;19f;[32g]
1982	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	90s; †0s