Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Porifera - (Class) Demospongiae

Current position

Heteroscleromorpha (Subclass) Cárdenas, Pérez & Boury-Esnault, 2012

Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).

Alternative positions

Clavaxinellida (Subclass) Lévi, 1956	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15. [pro parte]
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 37.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.M. Finks & J.K. Rigby, 2004d: 724.

Historical positions

Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Heteroscleromorpha (Subclass) Cárdenas, Pérez & Boury-Esnault, 2012	Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 13.
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15. [pro parte]
Clavaxinellida (Subclass) Lévi, 1956	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 15. [pro parte]
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.M. Finks & J.K. Rigby, 2004d: 724; 2, table 1 (p. 794).
Demospongia (Class)	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 37.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest, 2002: 169.
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.W.M. van Soest, 2001: 87.
Tetractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: W.D. Hartman, 1982: 645.
Monaxonida (Subclass) Ridley & Dendy, 1887	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	12f;67g;43s;2ss;1v; †3f;32g
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 17 Feb 2015	[12f;67g]
	R.W.M. van Soest et al.: [17 Feb 2015]	[12f;67g]
2011	J.N.A. Hooper et al.: 13, 15	12[11]f; †4/3[7]f;15/17[32]g
2004a	J.K. Rigby: 2	†[3f];17g
2002	J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest	[13f]
1982	W.D. Hartman	10f